Block B3 - Abdominal Problems

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Abdominal pain.jpeg
Pathogenesis of peptil ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer treatment drugs
Heartburn (pyrosis) symptoms
The abdomen of a person with cirrhosis showing massive ascites and caput medusa
Overview of GIT
Auscultation spots, using the bell-side of the stethoscope.
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Gallbladder and kidney stones

Concepts[edit]

Signs[edit]

  • McBurney's point: right side of the abdomen, one-third the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. McBurney's point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum.

    McBurney's point: right side of the abdomen, one-third the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. McBurney's point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum.

  • Psoas sign. You can use two techniques to elicit a psoas sign in an adult with abdominal pain. With either technique, increased abdominal pain is a positive result, indicating psoas muscle irritation from an inflamed appendix or a localized abscess.

    Psoas sign. You can use two techniques to elicit a psoas sign in an adult with abdominal pain. With either technique, increased abdominal pain is a positive result, indicating psoas muscle irritation from an inflamed appendix or a localized abscess.

  • Psoas sign. (2nd technique).

    Psoas sign. (2nd technique).

  • Obturator sign. Flex patient's right thigh at the hip, with knee bent, and rotate the leg internally at the hip.

    Obturator sign. Flex patient's right thigh at the hip, with knee bent, and rotate the leg internally at the hip.

  • Murphy's sign. Pain is felt during inhalation or coughing when the physician palpates the patient's RUQ due to the inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).

    Murphy's sign. Pain is felt during inhalation or coughing when the physician palpates the patient's RUQ due to the inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).

  • Referred pain. Various locations of referred pain.

    Referred pain. Various locations of referred pain.

  • Caput medusae. The appearance of distended and engorged paraumbilical veins. Due to portal hypertension.

    Caput medusae. The appearance of distended and engorged paraumbilical veins. Due to portal hypertension.

  • Blumberg's sign. Indicative of peritonitis. The abdominal wall is compressed slowly and then rapidly released. Similar to and often a synonym of rebound tenderness.

    Blumberg's sign. Indicative of peritonitis. The abdominal wall is compressed slowly and then rapidly released. Similar to and often a synonym of rebound tenderness.

  • Rovsing's sign is an indication of acute appendicitis in which pressure on the left lower quadrant of the abdomen causes pain in the right lower quadrant.

    Rovsing's sign is an indication of acute appendicitis in which pressure on the left lower quadrant of the abdomen causes pain in the right lower quadrant.

  • Fluid wave test for ascites (free fluid in the abdominal cavity). The patient (or a colleague) pushes their hand down on the midline of the abdomen. The examiner then taps one flank, while feeling on the other flank for the vibration of the tap. If it is felt, the test is positive.

    Fluid wave test for ascites (free fluid in the abdominal cavity). The patient (or a colleague) pushes their hand down on the midline of the abdomen. The examiner then taps one flank, while feeling on the other flank for the vibration of the tap. If it is felt, the test is positive.

  • CVA tenderness.

    CVA tenderness.

Labs[edit]

Anatomy[edit]

Microbiology[edit]

Pharmacology[edit]

  • Spasmolytics
  • The batch 2011 pharmacology exam consisted of a total of 40 MC questions. 20 of them required knowledge about various drugs mentioned in the Spasmolytics lab session. The remaining 20 questions focused on prescription writing.

Clinical Pathology[edit]

Pathological Anatomy[edit]

Block Exam[edit]

Links[edit]

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